European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation

Electricity and water do not go well together as I’m sure most people are aware. However, dust is equally as bad for electrical components as water. Dust varies in size from tiny airborne particles to larger particles that fall and stick to anything.

Dust can also consist of any material from the benign skin cells in household dust to conductive metals and particles of liquid, damaging to electrical equipment. Dust also has a nasty habit of blocking up filters and acting as an insulator causing machines to overheat and fail.

Dust and water are often found together in industrial environments which is why electrical equipment that is manufactured to operate in conditions is given a rating by both the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation (CENELEC) and by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The European IP rating is a numerical standard given to a piece of electrical equipment to the level of protection it provides.

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• European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation (CENELEC)

IEEE Standard Test Methods

IEEE Standard Test Methods

The IEEE has assumed a leadership position in the development of nanoelectronics standards. The factors driving the development of these standards are the need for reproducibility of results, international collaboration, and a common means of communicating across traditional scientific disciplines. This activity is driven by the IEEE Nanotechnology Council (NTC), an interdisciplinary group with members representing 21 IEEE societies. NTC is currently involved in a variety of standards efforts and activities.

“IEEE Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Electrical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes” was one of the first nanotechnology standards with which the IEEE became involved. This effort was driven by the need for a way to reproduce and prove lab results on a much larger scale and to establish common metrics and a minimum requirement for reporting. The standard’s main purpose is to establish methods for the electrical characterization of carbon nanotubes and the means of reporting performance and other data. These methods enable the creation of a suggested reporting standard that are used from the research phase through manufacturing as the technology is developed. Moreover, the standard recommends the necessary tools and procedures for validation.

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• International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Technical Committee
• The International Electrotechnical Commission
• Why Do We Have Standards?

An Introduction to AA Batteries

An Introduction to AA Batteries

The name “AA battery” can be pronounced “ay-ay battery” or “double ay battery”. It is a cylindrical dry cell battery that is popular in portable devices since it is no longer than 50 millimetres (1.97 inches) and has a width of no more than14.2 mm (0.56 inches). It weighs 23 grams (0.81 ounces). Some portable devices will instead use AAA batteries since they are even smaller, but AA batteries last much longer than AAA batteries even though they have the same output.

The AA battery is cylinder shaped and is sometimes casually referred to as a “penlight battery”. To put it simple; the nub cylinder end of the AA battery is the positive part, while the flat opposite end is the negative part.

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) use four different formal names for the most commonly used AA batteries. The alkaline AA battery is called LR6, the carbon-zinc variant R6, the nickel-cadmium AA battery is known as KR157/51 and the lithium-FeS2 type is named FR6. The International Electrotechnical Commission has existed since 1906 and over 130 countries are currently participating in the project of creating international standards for electrotechnology.

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• The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)